Project 1
The Unitetd States populations of animals in livestock production being raised to feed Americans are very large.
Animala Agriculture,Livestock has impact on human health, global warming, and climate change.
Issues Air pollution
There are increasing temperatures, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, shifting ocean currents and weather patterns, climate change is the most serious challenge facing the human being. Acccording to the Food and Agricluture Oraganization, Animal Agriculture had estimated that raising animals for meat dairy was responsible for 18 percent of greenhouse gas emissions measured in carbon dioxide (CO2), nitro oxide(N2O) and methane(CH4). Three major gases facilitate climate change. The scientists suggest CH4 has about 25 times more imapct than CO2. However, when it is up there in the atmosphere and doing the work, it has 72 times more impact and that makes a big diffrence. CH4 is trapping in just 12 years 25 times as much heat as CO2 in a century.
Water
Livestock production also impacts heavily the world's water supply, accounting for more than 8 percent of global human water use mainly for the irrigation of feed crops. A.U S. Geologicala Survey study estimated that domestic animal opretioned consumed nearly two billion gallons of water per day in 1990.The animal industory uses large amount of this resource.
Can you imagine how much water is used for providing 1 hambuger? The answer is 1 hambuger equals the amount of water we use in the shower for 1 year.
Manure runoff from Maryland dairty farm
Animal Waste
The major sources of pollution are from animal wastes, antibiotics and hormones, chemicals from tanneries, fertilizers and pesticides used for feedcrops, and sediments from eroded pastures.For example,a single dairy cow produces approximately 120 pounds of wet manure per day. Estimates equate the waste produced per day by one dairy cow to that of 20–40 humans per day.
Manure, and wastewater containing manure, can severely harm river and stream ecosystems. Manure contains ammonia which is highly toxic to fish at low levels. Increased amounts of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, from AFOs can cause algal blooms which block waterways and deplete oxygen as they decompose. This can kill fish and other aquatic organisms, devastating the entire aquatic food chain.
Project 2
Livestock is one of the most significant contributors to today's most serious environmental problems,such as water pollution, and air pollution.
There are sustainable ways. Protecting water pollution (by chemical)
problem: Livestock production impact on heavily water pollution,
improvement: The Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972
The law is the federal law in the United States governing water pollution. The act established the goals of eliminating releases to water of high amounts of toxic substances.
The Clean Water Act provides one exception to polices that generally exempt agriculture activities, and specifically the livestock industry from environmental rules. Livestock are prohibited runoff of manure to river by the law.
The 2003 clean water rule applies to approximately 15,500 of the largest livestock in the Unites States. The rule requirement for permits annual reports and development of plans for handling manure and waste water.
.Reducing air pollution (reduce Green House gas)
manure is the largest contributor to air pollution from factory farms.About 80 percent of U.S. ammonia (causes acid tain) emissions came from livestock manure.
・Reducing fossil- fuel
Using organic farming makes less fosi-fuel energy because it uses large quantities of fossil fuels to transport food products to the consumer. It is now common practice to ship food not just around the country, but around the world. (In 2005, more than $120 billion of agricultural products crossed U.S. borders as imports and exports.) As a result, the average American foodstuff travels an estimated 1,500 miles before being consumed.
The organic production system generate less Green house gas than the conventional production system. The oganic production method avoids overproduction animals,and manure. Animal Welfare
・Consumer action
Every year, hundreds of thousands of animals raised for food experience terriblly, and living overcrowded, confined conditions and indoors where they never see sunlight. The conditions make animals becoming sick,then, antibiotics and hormones are given to help the animals grow faster and bigger, increasing meat producers' profits.
The best possible thing consumers can do to improve the standards of animal welfare in farming is to buy from local, independent farmes and small-scale, sustainable family farms that provide their animals with good food and housing. We can use our economic power by purchasing sustainably-produced meat, eggs, dairy products and produce, thereby supporting farmers who work to minimize harm to the environment and human health
confined -raised
pasture-raised
Pasture-raised
Environmental Benefits
Animals raised on pasture enjoy a much higher quality of life than those confined within factory farms. When raised on open pasture, animals are able to move around freely and carry out their natural behaviors.
Pasture-based systems can help environment. especially through fertilizing the soil and by reducing the amount of grain produced as feed. And unlike industrial farms, which rely on large amounts of fossil fuels to truck feed and animal waste, pasture-based systems take advantage of the animal’s ability to feed itself and spread its own manure.
Human Healthy Benefit
Pasture-raised foods have higher levels of vitamins, and a healthier balance.
Chickens have 21% less total fat, 30% less saturated fat and 28% fewer calories than confined- raised products. Eggs have 10% less fat, 40% more vitamin.
Waste The manure emits harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide
Factory livestock facilities pollute the air and release over 400 separate gasses, mostly due to the large amounts of manure they produce. The principal gases released are hydrogen sulfide, methane, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.
Sustainable, pasture-based systems allow for the animals to distribute their waste in amounts that the soil can absorb, without using large quantities of water for washing or fuel to power trucks for transportation and spraying. By shopping at small, local sustainable farms and supporting pasture-based methods of waste management, we can all encourage change and promote healthier and more environmentally-friendly farming.
Conclusion
Livestock has great impact o the environment. People should know the present condition of livestock and should be interested in it. We should adopt alternative ways for protecting the environment.
Project 3
Human being depend on fossil fuel mainly. However, this resource is unsustainable and cause of producing dioxides. Therefore, we
have to find alternative resources.
Anaerobic Degester Tank
process of biogas produce
Biomass a renewable energy source from animal's manure,plant,and garbage etc.
There are many good things for using biomass. 1. reneable 2. It can use waste as materials 3. biomass is fewer polluting gases and Co2 than fossil fuel. Taxas had facility of digester biogas product in Texas. And they will plans to bilud three more facilitis.
Using biomass for energy may cut back on waste and greenhouse gas emission
Hawaii
Gas.Co. turn fat into fuel
In Hawaii, A Gas company sets plans to turn animal fat into fuel by depending on the local production.
Some of this fat is dumped into landfills, so making fat fuel is one of the good examples of rewable resource. The Gas company is planning to produce this fuel 50% of its own system by 2015. If a lot of companies provide a market for local products, it will generate more job and makes economy better.
In addition, a governor ; Lingle grope to a good sustainable energy and considers to replaces 70%of the state's energy to renewable one by 2030.
In conclusion, Livestock has a great impact on the environmental problems. These problems need support from governments and also collaboration with livestock farmer. Also, we can use consumer power, we should buy products from local. Therefore, we sholud consider more about this problem and take an action for improvement.
Project 1
source used
Peter Singer www.veganoutreach.org/whyvegan/environment.html September 22, 2009
Lacey Gaechterwww. veganoutreach.org/whyvegan/gaechter.html September 21,2009
Vegan Outreach
The U.S population of animals in livestock production is being large.There are serious matters that it has nagative impact the environment. There are some resources about environmental issues: water resource, water pollution, air pollution,and deforestation.
Livestock use a lot of water resource. The livestock are responsible for 18%of greenhouse missions. They are also responsible for 64% animal Ammonia emissions.They also treaten our healthy body and sea animal by water pollution.
This article has many useful contents and pictures which are easy to understand. I think this is good of bacic infometion about how animal agriculture affect the environment.
There are many >Environmental Imlications of Mordern Animal Agriculture
>The impact of Animal Agriculture on Global Warming and Climate Change
Animal Agriculture has substantial imapact on human health, global warming,and climate-changing. It has taken last 50 years has greatly compounded environmental problems; soil deg ration,dwindling water supplies and air pollution. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization had estimated that raising animals for meat and dairy was responsible for 18% of global warming. Live stock industry is playing a more significant role, indicate that at least half of the greenhouse gases that are up there now not that 15% at least half and maybe considerably more are due to livestock production. Greenhouse gasses are emit during virtually every step of the meat producing process, increasing the three major greenhouse gasses: CO2, N2O, and CH4. There will occur serious environment in the future.
These sources were created by University of Colorado and Th Human Society, so I think I can trust the information. These articles have many details and charts. These have also good information, statistics and facts. I think these will be good sources of basic
information about Animal Agriculture.
Project Part 2
Source used
1. Livestock has a Impact on the environment
Animal Agriculture, Livestock is one of the major causes of environmental problems, such as global warming, land degradation, air and water pollution and loss of biodiversity.There are alternative plans, such as two demands and consumer pressure. One is for resource management. Second, water markets and various types of cost recovery will be needed to correct the situation.Third is consumer pressure.
This article was made by food and agriculture organization of the united nations and they got the information from FAD. I think I can trust it. This article has statistics and fact.
2. Hearing archives way
There are alternative ways. 1.Reducing green house gas through more natural animal feeding practices. Natural feeding produce manure with about half of methane emissions. Pasture-raised systems take advantage of the animal’s ability to feed itself and spread its own manure.
2.Reducing fossile-fue. Using organic farming makes less fosi-fuel energy because it uses large quantities of fossil fuels to transport food products to the consumer. 3. More researching impact of farm animal production system on green house gas emissions. People understand the impact food choices can have on bothe our health and climate change.
This article has scientific evidence from the United Nations and Agriculture organization. It airticle also get information from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. I think I can trust it. There are some statistics.
Project 3
Source used
1. SEO " Biomass Enagy: Manure for fuel
2. Honolulu advertiser Gas Co. sets planes to turn fat into fuel
1. Biomass is organic material made from manure. Manure can be used for gas, electricity and fuel for boiler. Also,It can be burned directory cooking or lightning. There are two type ways are made dry manure and liquid manure. Texas has an anaerobic digester biogas production and gas conditioning facility. It is the first of its kind in the U.S.
This article was made from Sate Energy Conservation. Also, There are fact and talk about specific place,so I can trust this airticle.
2. The Gas Company produce This is the beginning of a great technology revolution in renewable fuels.
The fuel are made by manure. It is going to increase economy in Hawaii.
This article is made from Honolulu advertiser. I believe this article's authenticity because this reporter interviewed the Gas company's activities to the president and executive officer, and also this article shows us the government's opinions about the environmental situation of Hawaii.
Kaori
Project 1
The Unitetd States populations of animals in livestock production being raised to feed Americans are very large.
Animala Agriculture,Livestock has impact on human health, global warming, and climate change.
Issues
Air pollution
There are increasing temperatures, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, shifting ocean currents and weather patterns, climate change is the most serious challenge facing the human being. Acccording to the Food and Agricluture Oraganization, Animal Agriculture had estimated that raising animals for meat dairy was responsible for 18 percent of greenhouse gas emissions measured in carbon dioxide (CO2), nitro oxide(N2O) and methane(CH4). Three major gases facilitate climate change. The scientists suggest CH4 has about 25 times more imapct than CO2. However, when it is up there in the atmosphere and doing the work, it has 72 times more impact and that makes a big diffrence. CH4 is trapping in just 12 years 25 times as much heat as CO2 in a century.
Water
Livestock production also impacts heavily the world's water supply, accounting for more than 8 percent of global human water use mainly for the irrigation of feed crops. A.U S. Geologicala Survey study estimated that domestic animal opretioned consumed nearly two billion gallons of water per day in 1990.The animal industory uses large amount of this resource.
Can you imagine how much water is used for providing 1 hambuger? The answer is 1 hambuger equals the amount of water we use in the shower for 1 year.
Animal Waste
The major sources of pollution are from animal wastes, antibiotics and hormones, chemicals from tanneries, fertilizers and pesticides used for feedcrops, and sediments from eroded pastures.For example,a single dairy cow produces approximately 120 pounds of wet manure per day. Estimates equate the waste produced per day by one dairy cow to that of 20–40 humans per day.
Manure, and wastewater containing manure, can severely harm river and stream ecosystems. Manure contains ammonia which is highly toxic to fish at low levels. Increased amounts of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, from AFOs can cause algal blooms which block waterways and deplete oxygen as they decompose. This can kill fish and other aquatic organisms, devastating the entire aquatic food chain.
Project 2
Livestock is one of the most significant contributors to today's most serious environmental problems,such as water pollution, and air pollution.
There are sustainable ways.
Protecting water pollution (by chemical)
problem: Livestock production impact on heavily water pollution,
improvement: The Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972
The law is the federal law in the United States governing water pollution. The act established the goals of eliminating releases to water of high amounts of toxic substances.
The Clean Water Act provides one exception to polices that generally exempt agriculture activities, and specifically the livestock industry from environmental rules. Livestock are prohibited runoff of manure to river by the law.
The 2003 clean water rule applies to approximately 15,500 of the largest livestock in the Unites States. The rule requirement for permits annual reports and development of plans for handling manure and waste water.
.Reducing air pollution (reduce Green House gas)
manure is the largest contributor to air pollution from factory farms.About 80 percent of U.S. ammonia (causes acid tain) emissions came from livestock manure.
・Reducing fossil- fuel
Using organic farming makes less fosi-fuel energy because it uses large quantities of fossil fuels to transport food products to the consumer. It is now common practice to ship food not just around the country, but around the world. (In 2005, more than $120 billion of agricultural products crossed U.S. borders as imports and exports.) As a result, the average American foodstuff travels an estimated 1,500 miles before being consumed.
The organic production system generate less Green house gas than the conventional production system. The oganic production method avoids overproduction animals,and manure.
Animal Welfare
・Consumer action
Every year, hundreds of thousands of animals raised for food experience terriblly, and living overcrowded, confined conditions and indoors where they never see sunlight. The conditions make animals becoming sick,then, antibiotics and hormones are given to help the animals grow faster and bigger, increasing meat producers' profits.
The best possible thing consumers can do to improve the standards of animal welfare in farming is to buy from local, independent farmes and small-scale, sustainable family farms that provide their animals with good food and housing. We can use our economic power by purchasing sustainably-produced meat, eggs, dairy products and produce, thereby supporting farmers who work to minimize harm to the environment and human health
Pasture-raised
Environmental Benefits
Animals raised on pasture enjoy a much higher quality of life than those confined within factory farms. When raised on open pasture, animals are able to move around freely and carry out their natural behaviors.
Pasture-based systems can help environment. especially through fertilizing the soil and by reducing the amount of grain produced as feed. And unlike industrial farms, which rely on large amounts of fossil fuels to truck feed and animal waste, pasture-based systems take advantage of the animal’s ability to feed itself and spread its own manure.
Human Healthy Benefit
Pasture-raised foods have higher levels of vitamins, and a healthier balance.
Chickens have 21% less total fat, 30% less saturated fat and 28% fewer calories than confined- raised products. Eggs have 10% less fat, 40% more vitamin.
Waste
The manure emits harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide
Factory livestock facilities pollute the air and release over 400 separate gasses, mostly due to the large amounts of manure they produce. The principal gases released are hydrogen sulfide, methane, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.
Sustainable, pasture-based systems allow for the animals to distribute their waste in amounts that the soil can absorb, without using large quantities of water for washing or fuel to power trucks for transportation and spraying. By shopping at small, local sustainable farms and supporting pasture-based methods of waste management, we can all encourage change and promote healthier and more environmentally-friendly farming.
Conclusion
Livestock has great impact o the environment. People should know the present condition of livestock and should be interested in it. We should adopt alternative ways for protecting the environment.
Project 3
Human being depend on fossil fuel mainly. However, this resource is unsustainable and cause of producing dioxides. Therefore, we
have to find alternative resources.
Biomass a renewable energy source from animal's manure,plant,and garbage etc.
There are many good things for using biomass. 1. reneable 2. It can use waste as materials 3. biomass is fewer polluting gases and Co2 than fossil fuel. Taxas had facility of digester biogas product in Texas. And they will plans to bilud three more facilitis.
Using biomass for energy may cut back on waste and greenhouse gas emission
Hawaii
In Hawaii, A Gas company sets plans to turn animal fat into fuel by depending on the local production.
Some of this fat is dumped into landfills, so making fat fuel is one of the good examples of rewable resource. The Gas company is planning to produce this fuel 50% of its own system by 2015. If a lot of companies provide a market for local products, it will generate more job and makes economy better.
In addition, a governor ; Lingle grope to a good sustainable energy and considers to replaces 70%of the state's energy to renewable one by 2030.
In conclusion, Livestock has a great impact on the environmental problems. These problems need support from governments and also collaboration with livestock farmer. Also, we can use consumer power, we should buy products from local. Therefore, we sholud consider more about this problem and take an action for improvement.
Project 1
source used
Peter Singer www.veganoutreach.org/whyvegan/environment.html September 22, 2009
Lacey Gaechterwww. veganoutreach.org/whyvegan/gaechter.html September 21,2009
Vegan Outreach
The U.S population of animals in livestock production is being large.There are serious matters that it has nagative impact the environment. There are some resources about environmental issues: water resource, water pollution, air pollution,and deforestation.
Livestock use a lot of water resource. The livestock are responsible for 18%of greenhouse missions. They are also responsible for 64% animal Ammonia emissions.They also treaten our healthy body and sea animal by water pollution.
This article has many useful contents and pictures which are easy to understand. I think this is good of bacic infometion about how animal agriculture affect the environment.
There are many
>Environmental Imlications of Mordern Animal Agriculture
>The impact of Animal Agriculture on Global Warming and Climate Change
Animal Agriculture has substantial imapact on human health, global warming,and climate-changing. It has taken last 50 years has greatly compounded environmental problems; soil deg ration,dwindling water supplies and air pollution. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization had estimated that raising animals for meat and dairy was responsible for 18% of global warming. Live stock industry is playing a more significant role, indicate that at least half of the greenhouse gases that are up there now not that 15% at least half and maybe considerably more are due to livestock production. Greenhouse gasses are emit during virtually every step of the meat producing process, increasing the three major greenhouse gasses: CO2, N2O, and CH4. There will occur serious environment in the future.
These sources were created by University of Colorado and Th Human Society, so I think I can trust the information. These articles have many details and charts. These have also good information, statistics and facts. I think these will be good sources of basic
information about Animal Agriculture.
Project Part 2
Source used
1. Livestock has a Impact on the environment
Animal Agriculture, Livestock is one of the major causes of environmental problems, such as global warming, land degradation, air and water pollution and loss of biodiversity.There are alternative plans, such as two demands and consumer pressure. One is for resource management. Second, water markets and various types of cost recovery will be needed to correct the situation.Third is consumer pressure.
This article was made by food and agriculture organization of the united nations and they got the information from FAD. I think I can trust it. This article has statistics and fact.
2. Hearing archives way
There are alternative ways. 1.Reducing green house gas through more natural animal feeding practices. Natural feeding produce manure with about half of methane emissions. Pasture-raised systems take advantage of the animal’s ability to feed itself and spread its own manure.
2.Reducing fossile-fue. Using organic farming makes less fosi-fuel energy because it uses large quantities of fossil fuels to transport food products to the consumer. 3. More researching impact of farm animal production system on green house gas emissions. People understand the impact food choices can have on bothe our health and climate change.
This article has scientific evidence from the United Nations and Agriculture organization. It airticle also get information from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. I think I can trust it. There are some statistics.
Project 3
Source used
1. SEO " Biomass Enagy: Manure for fuel
2. Honolulu advertiser Gas Co. sets planes to turn fat into fuel
1. Biomass is organic material made from manure. Manure can be used for gas, electricity and fuel for boiler. Also,It can be burned directory cooking or lightning. There are two type ways are made dry manure and liquid manure. Texas has an anaerobic digester biogas production and gas conditioning facility. It is the first of its kind in the U.S.
This article was made from Sate Energy Conservation. Also, There are fact and talk about specific place,so I can trust this airticle.
2. The Gas Company produce This is the beginning of a great technology revolution in renewable fuels.
The fuel are made by manure. It is going to increase economy in Hawaii.
This article is made from Honolulu advertiser. I believe this article's authenticity because this reporter interviewed the Gas company's activities to the president and executive officer, and also this article shows us the government's opinions about the environmental situation of Hawaii.
Project Part1
1. CRS Report, Animal Waste Management and the Environment,Jeffrey Zinn
http://ncseonline.org/Nle/Crsreports/Agriculture/ag-48.cfm September 8, 2009
2. Environmental Implications of Mordern Animal Agriculture: Save the Plannet with your Fork, Lancey Gaechter
http://www.veganoutreach.org/whyvegan/gaechter.html September 6, 2009
3. USDA, AREI Chapter Animal Agriculture and the Environment, Marc Ribaudo and Noel Gollehon
http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/arei/eib16/Chapter4/4.5/ September 6, 2009
4. The HUMANE SCIETY, The imapact of Animal Agriculture on Global Warming and Climate Change
http://www.hsus.org/web-files/PDF/farm/animal-agriculture-and-climate.pdf
September 8, 2009
5. REUTERS, Farm Sanctuary to Promote Eco- Friendly Vegan Diet for Earth bay, Angela Barker
http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS110821+13-Apr-2009+BW20090413
September 6, 200
6. Vegan outreach, Peter Singer
http://www.veganoutreach.org/whyvegan/environment.html
September 15, 2009
Project Part2
1. CHOICES, Environmental Issues in Animal Agriculture, by Charles W. Abdalla and Jennifer L. Lawton
http://www.choicesmagazine.org/2006-3/animal/2006-3-11.htm October 18, 2009
2.Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department, Livestock Impact on the environment
http://www.fao.org/ag/magazine/0612sp1.htm October 20,2009
3.Contemporary Issues in Animal Agriculture and Food Production” 4th Year Core Rotation in Veterinary Medicine by Dan Posey,
http://www.cvm.tamu.edu/qep/Projects/Vet_Med_Proposal.pdf October 20,2009
4.Factory Farming, Hsus Fact Sheet: Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Animal Agriculture
http://www.hsus.org/farm/resources/research/enviro/fact_sheet_greenhouse_gas.html October 20,2009
5. Hearing Achieves, Ways And Meas, by Wayne Pacelle
http://waysandmeans.house.gov/hearings.asp?formmode=view&id=7639 October 20,2009
6. Vegan Outreach, Environment Distruction by Peter Singer
http://www.veganoutreach.org/whyvegan/environment.html October 21. 2009
7. Environmental Defence fund, In Virginia's Shenandoah Valley, Goals Are Clean Water and Thriving Animal Agriculture
8. Book:Farm Animals/ by Angela Hart / P.5.6.8/ 1982
Project 3
1. Oeganic food or intensive food, Food for change
http://www.foodforchange.org.uk/2009/02/organicorintensivefarming/ november 25,2009
2. BEST way to Invest, Anaerobic digestion of livestock manure- an attractive option for renewable power
http://www.bestwaytoinvest.com/stories/anaerobic-digestion-livestock-manure-%E2%80%93-attractive-option-renewable-power November 28,2009
3. Rezachek&Associates'Energy&Environmental Resources
http://www.sustainablehawaii.com/biomass.htm December 1,2009
4. SECO/ Biomass Energy: Manure for Fuel
http://www.seco.cpa.state.tx.us/re_biomass-manure.htm December 1, 2009
5. Honolulu advertiser business/ Gas Co.sets plans to turn fat into fuel/ by Greg Wile
http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/20091122/BUSINESS/911220341/Gas-Co.-sets-plans-to-turn-fat-into-fuel
December 1,2009
6. Book: Biofuels/ by Andrew Sloway/ P7.9.10/ 2006
7. Book: Renewable energy made easy / by David Craddock / P19, 52/ november 28,2009